Diagnosis is typically made through a visual examination. In some cases, one or more lesions may be surgically biopsied or removed for further analysis. Despite treatment, new or recurrent AKs can develop, necessitating ongoing visits for evaluation and re-treatment. AKs are also a risk factor for skin cancer, requiring close periodic monitoring by a dermatologist.

AKs are caused by chronic or intense exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, primarily from the sun or tanning beds. Most sun damage occurs in the first few decades of life, but it is cumulative and worsens with age. Over time, this damage can lead to AKs, skin cancers, and other signs of skin aging, such as wrinkles and age spots.

Individuals with fair skin (often associated with blond or red hair and blue or hazel eyes) are at a higher risk due to lower melanin levels, which offer less protection from UV rays. Additionally, medications or medical conditions that weaken the immune system can increase the likelihood of developing AKs.

Treatment options for AKs include:
- Cryosurgery
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
- Curettage and electrosurgery
- Surgical removal
- Chemical or laser peeling
- Topical medications like fluorouracil (Efudex), imiquimod (Aldara/Zyclara), and diclofenac (Solaraze)

Prevention of Actinic Keratoses
Preventing AKs involves minimizing UV exposure:
- Stay out of the sun or use sunscreen when outdoors.
- Conduct monthly skin examinations for any suspicious or changing growths.
- Schedule periodic dermatological check-ups.

Additional Sun Protection Tips:
- Limit sun exposure from 10 AM to 4 PM.
- Wear sun-protective clothing, including wide-brimmed hats.
- Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher.
- Reapply sunscreen after swimming or sweating.
- Avoid tanning booths or sunlamps.